Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was committed to enforcing Reconstruction and protecting the rights of newly freed African Americans. He supported the 15th Amendment, which granted voting rights to African American men, and used federal troops to combat the rise of white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan, ensuring civil rights protections in the South.

Grant’s presidency faced significant economic challenges, including the Panic of 1873, a severe depression triggered by railroad speculation and banking failures. While his administration struggled with the economic downturn, he focused on stabilizing the economy, promoting the gold standard, and seeking to reduce government corruption in financial dealings.

Grant’s administration aimed to improve relations with Native Americans by adopting a more humane "peace policy," focusing on the establishment of reservations and offering protection for tribes. However, this policy was not fully successful and was met with resistance, leading to continued conflict on the frontier.

Grant’s foreign policy achievements included efforts to expand U.S. influence globally. His administration negotiated the Treaty of Washington in 1871, resolving tensions with Great Britain over the Alabama Claims, and sought to improve relations with Latin America through the promotion of Pan-Americanism.